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Bond Investing Terms

Bond investing terms can be confusing for someone who’s never been around the bond market. I remember the first conversation I had with a bond investor; I knew he was speaking English but his talk of yield curves and zero coupon bonds made it feel like a foreign language.

If you don’t know the bond investing basics jargon, you could easily get left behind, or worse, make a poor decision. Here’s a quick list of terms to help as you navigate investing in the bond market:

Accrued Interest – The interest that has been earned, but not paid out to the bondholder. Bond interest accrues equally every day and does not compound.

Call Date - Some bonds have a provision that give the issuer the ability to redeem the bond early. There is usually one call date per year. The list of dates is called the “call schedule.”

Call Premium – The payment by the bond issuer if the bond is called before the maturity date. This is the incentive that makes bond investors look at callable bonds compared to non-callable ones.

Coupon Payment – The actual dollar amount paid to the bondholders at each coupon date.

Coupon Rate – The annual interest rate paid to bondholders. Rates are generally fixed, though variable rate bonds are available.

Current Yield – The annual interest payment divided by the current market price of the bond.

Discount - This is when a bond is sold at a discount to its face value.

Face Value – Also called the principal or par value of the bond, this is the amount that will be repaid when the bond matures.

Maturity Date – The day in which the last interest payment is made, and the face value of the bond will be repaid.

Real Rate of Return - The combination of the interest earned and the market value of the bond.

Term to Maturity – The time left until the bond matures and the principal is repaid.

Yield to Call – This is the calculated yield from the current time until the call date. It is assumed that the bond will be called at the next call date.

Yield to Maturity – The compound average annual expected rate of return if the bond is purchased at its current market price and held to maturity. It is assumed in the calculation that the interest payments are reinvested for the life of the bond at the same yield. This is also called the internal rate of return of the bond.

Yield to Worst – This is a “worst case scenario” in terms of yield on a bond. It is the lowest yield possible for a bond.

This is certainly not an all-encompassing list, but I do hope it helps you the next time you hear investors talking about the bond market on television or if you’re looking up a bond quote  yourself.  For an intro to bonds you can check out the bond investing basics post; next time we’ll take a look at some bond investing strategies.

Written by Victor · Filed Under Bonds, Investing >Comments (1) 

Bond Investing Basics

Bond Investing Overview

Bond investments should probably be a part of most portfolios; across all ages, investing goals, and levels of risk tolerance.  The problem is many people spend their time learning how to invest in stocks and aren’t aware of the benefits that investing in bonds can offer.

In general, investors spend very little time investigating the opportunities in bonds, and because of this can leave money on the table. Over the course of the next few articles, I’m going to share some details on the different types of bonds, some bond investing terms, and finally some bond investing strategies that you can implement in your portfolio.

Bond Definition

Let’s start at the very beginning. A bond is a debt security. When an investor purchases a bond, they are lending money to the issuer of that bond. In return for the cash, the issuer gives you a document, or a “bond,” stating that they will return your money to you at a certain date, either the maturity of the bond or when it is “called.”

You will also receive a specific rate of interest for the life of that bond. Like stocks, most of them are traded electronically now, so you will not receive an actual “document,” but you will receive all of this other information.

Types of Bonds

There are many different types of bonds. They each have their own features and benefits. Which ones fit into your portfolio depend on what you are looking for.

Municipal Bonds – These are bonds that have been issued by states, counties, local municipalities and other government entities. They are used to finance the building of hospitals, highways, schools and other public projects that help that community.  Many of these bonds offer both state and federal tax exempt income for residents of that state. For example, if you lived in Texas and purchased a San Antonio Hospital bond, the interest you earn from that bond will be tax-free. Not every bond offers this, so make sure you know what you are purchasing or consult a professional.

U.S. Treasury Securities – These encompass T-bills, T-bonds & T-notes. TIPS also fall under this category. These are securities issued by the U.S. Treasury and are backed by the “full faith and credit” of the U.S. government. These are considered to be the safest investment and have no “credit risk” in that the chances of not receiving your interest or principal back from the government are extremely small (trust me, if you don’t get paid, we all have a LOT more to worry about at that point).

Corporate Bonds – These are bonds that are issued by companies to help finance expansion other capital investment or cash flow. Investors have a much wider range of possibilities here, but also more risk. Whenever you invest in a bond, you always take on the chance that the company could go bankrupt or fold. It is important to know the credit rating of a specific bond and that company before you purchase the bond.

Mortgage-Backed/Asset-Backed Securities – When an investor purchases one of these, they receive a stake in pools of loans or other financial assets. As the loans, or other assets get paid off, the investor receives interest. These securities have come under considerable fire over the last two years. With the housing bubble and the implosion of several major financial companies, these types of investments were used too often, and in ways they were not made for.

These are the four major categories of bonds. Inside each of these are many more varieties of bonds and other debt securities. As always, make sure you do your due diligence when purchasing bonds. They have more moving parts than a stock. I’ll go over those moving parts in the next article on bond investing.

No matter what your age, your goals or your risk tolerance, bonds should

Written by Victor · Filed Under Bonds, Investing >Comments (0) 

Ally Bank Review

Ally Bank

Ally Bank,  formerly known as GMAC Bank,  is an online bank designed with the needs of the consumer in mind.  The bank offers an online savings account, certificates of deposit products, and a money market account – all which are FDIC insured.

About Ally Bank

Ally Bank was built on the foundation of GMAC Financial Services.  They took their years of experience in the industry as GMAC, combined with the knowledge that the consumer has different banking needs in our existing economic conditions, and morphed into Ally Bank and a new way of doing business.  Accounts can be opened without a minimum deposit required, and you do not have to maintain a minimum monthly balance, either.  When Ally Bank says their banking charges no monthly fees – they mean there are no monthly fees.

The Ally Bank Difference

The Ally Bank mission is to be straightforward with their customers.  They strive to find the various pain points customers experience with other banks – and then eliminate them through their own practices and policies.  They don’t hide any terms or conditions – as evident in the many Ally Bank commercials circulating television and Youtube.  While the commercials are very entertaining, they also make the point well that keeping things hidden or in fine print is wrong – and claim that doing so is not how they do business.

Ally Bank alerts their customers when their money could be earning more.  For example, with their 10 day Guarantee for best rates on Certificates of Deposit products, Ally will ensure you get the best rate possible.  Most other banks don’t provide any rate guarantee, which means the CD rate you receive will never be higher than expected, but it could be lower.  Ally Bank compounds interest daily, helping your money earn more compared to banks that compound monthly, quarterly, or even annually.

Another difference between Ally Bank and many others is their understanding that not everyone lives and sleeps on the same schedule.  In order to accommodate the various lifestyles of it’s customers, Ally Bank offers customer support services 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.  This should eliminate some of the frustrations graveyard shift workers experience when trying to call their banks.  People who work the overnight shift are typically sleeping during the standard banker’s hours.

Since Ally Bank is an online bank, their overhead operating costs are much lower than a bank with physical branches to maintain.  The savings they receive through lower operating costs are passed through to their customers in terms of higher interest rates.  Ally Bank, being part of the GMAC family of financial products, also has an asset generation business, enabling them to put deposits to work more efficiently.  They originate competitive, quality loan assets from the GMAC mortgage and auto loan operations profitably at these deposit rates.

Financial Products Offered at Ally  Bank

Ally Bank offers a number of financial products.  If they think your money could be earning a higher rate – you’ll receive a “sleeping money alert”, letting you know you might be able to get a better rate with a different product.  Financial products available at Ally Bank include:

  • 1 year classic certificate of deposit
  • 9 month no penalty certificate of deposit
  • online savings accounts
  • money market account

How to Take Advantage of FDIC Insurance at Ally Bank

You can feel confident your deposits are safe, because Ally Bank is FDIC insured up to $250,000 per investor through December 31, 2009.  You can actually insure money over $250,000 as well.  Each individual in your family can be insured up to $250,000 on a single-name, FDIC insured savings account.

For example, Mike Smith can open an account in his name and receive full FDIC insurance coverage.  His wife, Mary Smith, can open another account in her name, and receive full FDIC insurance coverage.  The Smiths would currently be FDIC protected for $500,000.  If they still had more money to deposit, they could open a joint account, in the name of Mike and Mary Smith, and receive $250,000 FDIC insurance protection on that account, too!

In some states, you would also be allowed to open single-named accounts in children’s names.  Another option to increase your FDIC insurance protection would be to consider opening trust accounts, with the money payable to the beneficiaries of the account upon your death.

To open an account or check out the current rates for the online savings account, money market account, or certificate of deposit click here.

Written by Debbie · Filed Under Banking, Reviews, online banking >Comments (0) 

529 College Savings Plan Overview

A 529 college savings plan is another way for U.S. families to prepare for the high costs of college. Named after section 529 of the Internal Revenue Code, this investment vehicle has some similarities with and differences from the Coverdell ESA.

A 529 plan is another tax-advantaged plan that is designed to give incentives for education planning. Like the ESA, there is one custodian and one beneficiary for each account. The beneficiary can be anybody, even yourself (yes, you can go back to school for that degree you’ve been thinking of AND take advantage of the 529 for yourself).

State 529 Plans

Each state manages their own 529 plan and usually offers incentives for its residents to utilize the in-state version. Some states offer state tax deductions for contributions to residents. If you feel the tax deduction is not as important as performance, you can do the research and pick a better program and invest in that plan.

There are two types of 529 plans: the prepaid tuition program and the savings program.

529 Prepaid Tuition

The pre-paid plan gives you the ability to purchase future tuition at today’s prices. It generally covers all state and community colleges and may encompass private schools as well. It is best to confirm if your state offers this program and what the rules and limitations are. In this program, all funds are pooled together and invested to cover the increase in tuition over time (or so they hope).

Many of these pre-paid plans require that the beneficiary be 15 years old or younger. The tuition can be purchased in a lump sum or paid through monthly installments. Be aware, having a pre-paid tuition plan does NOT guarantee that the student will be accepted to that school.

529 Savings Program

The savings plan works much like a 401k does, in that the custodian has the choice of choosing the different mutual funds offered in the plan to invest in. In most cases, the “age-based” portfolios are the most popular. There are generally some kind of maintenance fee associated with the plan, and if the plan is bought through a financial advisor, mutual fund-type commissions. Each state offers different options and must be researched before you make a decision.

529 Contributions

Currently the contribution limits follow the rules for gifting. $13,000 may be contributed per beneficiary per person. This means mom & dad can put $13,000 each in for little Johnny or Suzy. There is a 5-year “pay-forward” in which you can put up to five years worth in at one time. This works out well for estate purposes; Grandma & Grandpa can each contribute $65,000 and remove the funds from their estate for tax purposes.

There are no income or age limitations to the savings plan. Anybody can contribute and take advantage of the opportunity. Like ESAs, 529 plans are also not factored in when applying for financial aid.

529 Distributions

Like the ESA, qualified withdrawals are federally tax-exempt, and in most cases, state as well. Unlike the ESA, 529s can only be used for secondary education. These funds can be used at any accredited college or university in the US, and in some cases, abroad as well.

If the beneficiary does not go to college or receives a scholarship, there are options to do something with the funds. One alternative is that they can be transferred to another member of the beneficiary’s family. If the funds are withdrawn for an unqualified reason, the earnings (but not the original contribution) would be subject to both federal and state taxation as well as a 10% penalty.

College Savings Plan

It is estimated that for children born this year, the average cost of a four year college education will cost over $250,000. Sure, that number is intimidating but it will be less so if you start saving now, even if it’s only one dollar at a time.

Written by Victor · Filed Under College, College Money Guide, Investing >Comments (0) 

Coverdell Education Savings Account (ESA) Overview

Coverdell Education Savings Account History
Years ago, there used to be an account called the Education IRA. It was created by the government to help parents prepare for the costs of schooling for their children. This account was not that popular, because at the time, it had a $500 annual contribution limit. I remember clients telling me back then that the low limit “just wasn’t worth it.”

In 2002, like any smart company would do when their product isn’t getting used, Congress went back to the drawing board. It was re-branded as the Coverdell Education Savings Account or ESA (named after the main sponsor, Paul Coverdell, R-GA). The new & improved product took care of the biggest flaw by raising the annual contribution limit to $2,000.

Coverdell Account Contributions & Limits

That ESA limit is the same today, but it is subject to income thresholds.   The person funding the account (whether it is a parent, grandparent, uncle, etc.) must have an AGI below $95,000 if single and $190,000 for anybody filing a joint return. These limits are phased out for income between $95,000 – $110,000 and $190,000 – $220,000 respectively. One way you can avoid this issue is by gifting the money to the child so that they make the contribution it to the ESA.

Contributions can be made until the beneficiary reaches the age of 18. The account must be depleted by the time that person reaches the age of 30 to avoid tax penalties. The custodian for the account can also appoint another eligible beneficiary.

Coverdell Investing Options

Unlike a 529 plan where you are limited to the investments of the specific sponsored plan, ESAs have the ability to invest in stocks, bonds, mutual funds, etc. Like the 529 plan or any other custodial account, the custodian has the authority to run the account and make investment decisions. However, those decisions must be based on the minor’s situation. For example, a 17 year old high school senior should not have their account invested in aggressive stocks if the money is to be used the next year for college.

Coverdell Distributions

All withdrawals for “qualified expenses” are tax free. “Qualified” is a broad term in this case for the IRS. All room, board & tuition, books, etc. qualify for the tax-free treatment. However, if your child wants an apartment off campus, the rent for that apartment is NOT qualified. The biggest difference between the ESA and a 529 is that the ESA allows you to use the funds for primary and secondary school expenses. 529s only allow the use of the funds post-high school graduation.

College Planning

Keep in mind the money inside an ESA is not factored into financial aid analysis because technically the funds are not owned by the beneficiary. Hopefully this info on the ESA gave you some things to consider when you look into investing in your child’s future. Some people may choose an ESA over a 529, others may choose both. Either way, use something, it will certainly be in your and your child’s best interest to do so.

Written by Victor · Filed Under College, College Money Guide, Investing >Comments (2) 

TradeKing Promotion $50 Bonus

TradeKing $50 bonus for new accounts starts today & runs through the end of the month.  The online stock brokerage is running this promotion for new customers that open an account in the month of October.  No TradeKing promo code is necessary, you’ll get your $50 bonus after you make your first trade.

You can read more about the online broker in this TradeKing review.  Kiplinger picked them as the best in customer service in 2008, beating brokerages such as E-Trade, TD Ameritrade, and Charles Schwab.

There was a similar TradeKing promotion in the fall of 2008 and  just like last year this bonus isn’t avaible directly through their site.  To earn the $50 bonus, you have to go to this page to sign up.  The promotion runs through the end of the month, in order to get the bonus you must open a new account and make a trade.  Click Here to Try

Written by Ben · Filed Under Personal Finance >Comments (0) 

Career Planning Saved My Life

Career planning may be the only thing between you and total insanity! Take my word for it, planning your career can help you find a new job that you’ll enjoy more than the one you have now. 

Career planning can help you get a better job that pays more, teaches you new skills, requires you to work fewer hours… whatever it is that will make you happier in life.

Career Satisfaction, Zero

I was unhappy in my old job for quite a long time but didn’t spend much time on career planning or career development.  I was SUPER busy at work, then I’d come home to spend time with family, work on Money Smart Life until I couldn’t keep my eyes open, and then crash for the night.

My wife pleaded with me to get a new job.  I was always stressed out and unhappy but for some reason I couldn’t seem to get “unstuck” and look for a new job.

What I probably really needed was some career counseling or career advice from someone who had been in a similar position before. I must not have been looking hard enough because I never did find a career coach to work with.

Quitting My Job, Kind Of

I don’t think I’ll ever forget the day I knew I was going to quit my job. The morning started with the typical daily frustrations but with each miserable meeting my soul protested more and more violently. Full to the brim of misery I entered an unused office with two of my co-workers to join a conference call for one of my “favorite” projects.

I can still see the look of confusion on my team member’s face when the client dropped a major bombshell on us.  The look slowly contorted to one of horror as she realized the implications of the changes and how much work it would require in a short amount of time.  I felt exactly the way her face looked and at that moment decided that I’d had ENOUGH. I could see from past experience exactly how this was going to play out and how my team was going to get screwed over yet again. I realized that I didn’t have to take it anymore and that my life was going to change.

The rest of the day was pretty much a blur, I had been unstuck. My mind was now focused on the next step, whatever that would be.  I didn’t end up quitting my job until several months later but that day finally kicked me into action and into some major career planning.

Career Planning, Blog Style

I still wish that I would have found a career coach to work with because I think it would have made the process easier.  However, I didn’t have one so I spent a lot of time in self-reflection and writing down some of my career planning steps here on the site. Following is a view of my career planning journey from searching for answers, to giving my two weeks notice, to learning from my co-workers.

Career Planning

Quitting Your Job

Co-Worker Feedback

Career Planning Saved My Life

It’s been a year now since I’ve switched jobs and I’m amazingly happy. Career planning didn’t literally save my life but so far it’s saved me a whole year of being miserable. 

A year during which we watched our 2 year old toddler turn into a 3 year old little boy.  A year when my expecting wife had our sweet baby girl.  It’s been a spectacular year that I’ve been able to enjoy, thanks in large part to some focused career planning.

Written by Ben · Filed Under Career >Comments (4) 

The Sad Tale of Gansel and Hetel

The plight of Hansel and Gretel is known to many but have you ever heard the sad story of Gansel and Hetel?

Two middle class kids “adrift” in the consumerist shopping mall culture take a bath in debt and almost ruin their lives… can they be saved?

Bad Health & Bad Luck

Gansel and Hetel had it rough growing up with divorced parents.  Their dad didn’t take care of his health and didn’t buy enough life insurance so their mom was left to raise them totally alone after he passed away. 

Their mom didn’t have the choice of staying at home with her kids vs working since she was the sole breadwinner.  She tried to teach her kids about money but she was working three jobs and hardly ever around.  Then when she got really sick she lost her job, couldn’t pay her insurance premiums, and her medical expenses forced the family into bankruptcy.

Bad Decisions

Gansel and Hetel obviously skipped school on the day they taught about how to stay out of debt. They didn’t understand that managing money is mostly about your behavior and mindset and preferred to appear rich, which kept them broke.

After turning 18 and leaving home they both fell into a pit of debt and had to turn to a MonaVie Scam to try and dig their way out.  The scraped up extra money by signing up for new checking accounts and earning bank bonuses each month.  Of course their checks almost always bounced so the bank overdraft fees quickly ate away the bonuses.

Investing in Their Future

Gansel and Hetel looked for any possible way to save a few cents.  One method was hanging out in the public library all day and keeping thier furnance in their apartment turned off. One day Gansel was surfing the web on the library computer and ran across a few personal finance blogs and started to learn about money.

He called Hetel over and they read about debt elimination, paying off credit cards, debt repayment plans, and the debt tsunami.  How come no one had told them this stuff before?

They moved from debt into the investing categories, reading about the Coffehouse Investor, dollar cost averaging, steering clear of Fidelity, and asset allocation. After that they came across these huge resource lists for people who are in their twenties, trying to be frugal, learning about personal finances, and trying to save money.

That afternoon Gansel and Hetel made a pact to pay off their debt and then start investing in their future.  They knew they had a long road ahead of them but reading the stories of others in debt had inspired them.  Who knows if they’ll make it but they’re on the right track!

Written by Ben · Filed Under Personal Finance >Comments (2) 

Teach Your Kids How to Manage Money in 7 Easy Lessons

As a parent, you are responsible for teaching your kids how to manage money. No matter what their age, children should start learning how to manage money throughout their childhood. Children taught these lesson turn tend to turn into financially responsible adults instead of jobless and in debt adults sitting on their parents’ couches watching TV all day.

Budgeting and Planning

Whether your child is five or 16 years old, they typically receive money from allowance, part-time job or as gifts for special occasions. This is a great opportunity to teach your children about budgeting and planning for the future. Yes, your child should be able to spend this money on what they want (to a point), but it should also teach them about spending responsibly. Instead of allowing your children to blow all of this money, require your child to use a certain amount of their money to pay for some of their own expenses. For a teenager, this may mean requiring them to pay for one tank of gas for their car each month. For a younger child, it may mean that they have to put 10% of it in their piggy bank to save for a rainy day.

Household Budget

It’s also important to teach your children that money is limited. A great way to illustrate this is with money jars labeled with the family monthly expenses. Using real money or play money, start out with a pile of money that includes the monthly income of your household. Go through the list of bills and expenses for the family each month, removing the expense amount from the pile of money and dropping it in to the appropriately labeled jar. Continue this until all of the expenses are paid. If there is money left over, explain to children that this is spending money. If there isn’t any money left over then explain that there isn’t any money left after bills are paid for any extras.

Live within Your Means

It’s also time to instill the need over want mentality in your children to teach them how to live within their means. Danny Kofke, father of two young daughters (5 and 2) drives this point home by paying an allowance in exchange for chores completed. Allowance money isn’t used solely for spending. Ava (5) is required to split her earnings between three jars–give away, savings and spending (in that order). If Ava sees something she wants, Danny and his wife Tracy tell her she has to see if her spending jar holds enough to buy it, or Ava can dip into her savings for items that may cost a little more.  Ava uses the give away jar money to buy presents for others and donate to organizations.

Financial Contracts

Teach children about contracts and financial obligations by acting as a lender from time to time. When your child wants to buy an item, “finance” it for them. You can form on agreement (on paper, if you wish) with the child where you fund the purchase of the item but they are required to pay you back with their own money until the “loan” is paid off. This will prepare your children later in life when it’s time for them to take out a loan or mortgage with a real lender.

No Bailouts Available Here

You may be teaching your child a more valuable lesson by not bailing them out every time they hit a financial snag. Financial snafus are opportunities for your child to learn ways to better manage their money or create a strategy to come up with the money they need to get out of trouble on their own–take on a job, get a second job or create a budget to manage their spending, so this won’t happen. If you do bail them out, then require them to pay you back.

Investing Today for Tomorrow

Take a trip to the bank with your child to open their very own savings account or take it a step further and open an investment account. Require them to deposit a certain amount of their money into this account on a regular basis. Sit with your child and review the statement for their account(s) each month so they can see how their money grows over time. It may seem like a basic concept but it teaches your child how putting money away today grows it for the future.

Bills of the Future

While your child may not have any expenses now, they will in the future. A good way to teach them what kind of expenses they’ll have in the future is to make a list and go over it with them. Teach kids about some of the bills they will be responsible for paying as adults. Again, this drives home the value of money, the need to budget and to cover necessities before being able to splurge on their wants.

Parents that teach children about managing money and finances tend to have responsible adult children. Take your opportunity to instill good financial habits in your children while they are young so they know how to manage their money later in life too.

Written by Kristie · Filed Under Family, Financial Education, Personal Finance >Comments (3) 

Personal Budgeting Styles & Tools

Personal budgeting can be a different process for each person.  When I talked about how personal budget tracking can save you money, I used an example of how my employer saves money by tracking each piece of paper we print.

I showed how the act of tracking each job before it’s printed and assigning it to part of the budget causes us to more careful with what we print. I ended my discussion with two questions.

  • Are you tracking your spending against your budget?
  • What system do you have in place to monitor your expenses?

Personal Budgeting Styles

The example I gave was of a very detailed tracking system and Plonkee brought up the point that such precise tracking wouldn’t work well for her:

“I don’t know – there’s a limit to how much tracking is worthwhile. I’m not very detail oriented and would struggle to keep up with anything that was in depth. I prefer to give myself allowances. I can spend whatever I like, on whatever I like, but the total budget for *frills and frippery* is limited each month.”

I definitely understand where she’s coming from, in a financial confession earlier this year I admitted that I hate budgeting.  Of course ctreit sounds like he feels the opposite when he shared how he budgets and tracks his spending:

“When we track our expenses, we are very diligent. We include every single dollar we spend. After all, even the afternoon candy bar for 75 cents adds up to 20 bucks or so in a month. There is one big benefit when we track our expenses: we become very careful about spending money because we don’t want to face the music at the end of the month if we spend money stupidly. I for one would not want my wife to reprimand me for foolish spending.”

Our Credit Card Tracking System

I think each person has their own personal budgeting style that works best for them.  For example, when I asked, “are you tracking your spending against your budget?” the answer could be that you sit down with your credit card statement at the end of every month and see where you spent your money and how it compares to what you had budgeted.

We charge everything on our credit card, our system for monitoring our expenses is to leverage the technology of American Express and Visa to track and categorize each expenditure.  Then we can can download the transactions into Quicken to categorize anything that was missed and compare it against our budget.

I don’t what makes different budgeting styles fit better with one person or another.  I suppose it’s partly your personality and partly how you were raised to manage and think about money.  So regardless of what system for tracking and monitoring your expenses you use, the important thing is that you have and use a system at all.  If you have one, great.  If not, here are some tools for tracking and monitoring you can play around with to see what fits you best.  Credit cards for spending and tracking and personal finance software for monitoring and analysis.

Credit Cards

Personal Finance Software

Written by Ben · Filed Under Budgeting, Credit Cards, Personal Finance >Comments (2) 


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